SOC
Surgery on Children

Surgery on Children Journal aims to publish issues related to Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Pediatric Vascular Surgery, Pediatric Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pediatric Ear Nose Throat, Ophthalmology, Pediatric Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Pediatric Urology, Pediatric Surgical Intensive Care Clinic, and other clinical surgery fields on children of the highest scientific and clinical value at an international level and accepts articles on these topics.

eISSN: 3023-7289
Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License.
EndNote Style

Online Manuscript System

Index
Review
An approach to identify high-risk neonatal surgical cases to optimize postoperative results
Abstract
Postoperative recovery in pediatric surgery can vary greatly, even among patients with identical anomalies. While some cases meet expectations, others may result in disappointing outcomes. To underscore the importance of identifying high-risk surgical neonates early and understanding the critical factors influencing postoperative results, a thorough literature review was undertaken to pinpoint the key elements contributing to poor outcomes in surgical neonates. It is important to recognize that each surgical neonate requires a unique approach to management, influenced by factors such as family background, preoperative condition, and the involvement of a multidisciplinary team. The elevated mortality rates observed in emergencies can be attributed to various factors, including delays in hospital arrival, the timing of surgical intervention, and the operating surgeon's level of expertise. Ultimately, the early identification of high-risk surgical neonates is essential for improving clinical outcomes. A comprehensive strategy that incorporates individualized management and fosters collaboration among multidisciplinary teams is crucial for achieving the best possible postoperative recovery.

Keywords : Determinants, emergencies, mortality, patient care, postoperative care, surgical neonates

Download Article


1. Bucher BT, Duggan EM, Grubb PH, France DJ, Lally KP, Blakely ML. Does the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program pediatric provide actionable quality improvement data for surgical neonates? J Pediatr Surg. 2016;51(9):1440-1444. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.02.084
2. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/birth-defects..
3. Lembo C, Buonocore G, Perrone S. Oxidative stress in preterm newborns. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021;10(11):1672. doi:10.3390/antiox 10111672
4. Almli LM, Ely DM, Ailes EC, et al. Infant mortality attributable to birth defects-United States, 2003-2017.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(2):25-29. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6902a1
5. Paul VK, Singh M. Regionalized perinatal care in developing countries.Semin Neonatol. 2004;9(2):117-124. doi:10.1016/j.siny.2003.08.010
6. Manchanda V, Sarin YK, Ramji S. Prognostic factors determining mortality in surgical neonates.J Neonatal Surg. 2012;1(1):3.
7. Ilori IU, Ituen AM, Eyo CS.Factors associated with mortality in neonatal surgical emergencies in a developing tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Open J Pediatr. 2013;3(3):231-235.doi:10.4236/ojped.2013.33040
8. Gangopadhyay AN, Upadhyaya VD, Sharma SP. Neonatal surgery: a ten year audit from a university hospital.Indian J Pediatr. 2008;75(10):1025-1030. doi:10.1007/s12098-008-0205-4
9. Taguchi T. Current progress in neonatal surgery. Surg Today. 2008; 38(5):379-389. doi:10.1007/s00595-007-3657-7
10. Bagolan P, Losty PD. Seminars in pediatric surgery. Neonatal surgery. Preface. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2014;23(5):239. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg. 2014.09.001
11. Dol J, Hughes B, Bonet M, et al.Timing of neonatal mortality and severe morbidity during the postnatal period: a systematic review. JBI Evid Synth. 2023;21(1):98-199. doi:10.11124/JBIES-21-00479
12. Mayer ML. Disparities in geographic access to pediatric subspecialty care.Matern Child Health J. 2008;12(5):624-632. doi:10.1007/s10995-007-0275-3
13. Yaya Y, Eide KT, Norheim OF, Lindtjørn B. Maternal and neonatal mortality in south-west Ethiopia: estimates and socio-economic inequality. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e96294. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0096294
14. Akinyemi JO, Bamgboye EA, Ayeni O. Trends in neonatal mortality in Nigeria and effects of bio-demographic and maternal characteristics.BMC Pediatr. 2015;15:36. doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0349-0
15. Titaley CR, Dibley MJ, Agho K, Roberts CL, Hall J. Determinants of neonatal mortality in Indonesia.BMC Public Health. 2008;8:232. doi:10. 1186/1471-2458-8-232
16. Organization WH. Reaching the every newborn national 2020 milestones: country progress, plans and moving forward.https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241512619.
17. Tamir TT. Neonatal mortality rate and determinants among births of mothers at extreme ages of reproductive life in low and middle income countries.Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):12596. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-61867-w
18. Wolde HF, Gonete KA, Akalu TY, Baraki AG, Lakew AM. Factors affecting neonatal mortality in the general population: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS)-multilevel analysis.BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(1):610. doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4668-3
19. Grewal J, Carmichael SL, Ma C, Lammer EJ, Shaw GM. Maternal periconceptional smoking and alcohol consumption and risk for select congenital anomalies.Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2008;82(7): 519-526. doi:10.1002/bdra.20461
20. Yang L, Wang H, Yang L, et al. Maternal cigarette smoking before or during pregnancy increases the risk of birth congenital anomalies: a population-based retrospective cohort study of 12 million mother-infant pairs.BMC Med. 2022;20(1):4. doi:10.1186/s12916-021-02196-x
21. Melado L, Lawrenz B, Nogueira D, et al. Features of chromosomal abnormalities in relation to consanguinity: analysis of 10,556 blastocysts from IVF/ICSI cycles with PGT-A from consanguineous and non-consanguineous couples.Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):8857. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36014-6
22. Tayebi N, Yazdani K, Naghshin N. The prevalence of congenital malformations and its correlation with consanguineous marriages.Oman Med J. 2010;25(1):37-40. doi:10.5001/omj.2010.9
23. Society for Birth Defects Research and Prevention [Internet]. www.birthdefectsresearch.org. [cited.https://www.birthdefectsresearch.org/primer/nutrition.asp.
24. Mires S, Caputo M, Overton T, Skerritt C. Maternal micronutrient deficiency and congenital heart disease risk: a systematic review of observational studies.Birth Defects Res. 2022;114(17):1079-1091. doi:10. 1002/bdr2.2072
25. Gómez-Roig MD, Pascal R, Cahuana MJ, et al. Environmental exposure during pregnancy: influence on prenatal development and early life: a comprehensive review. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2021;48(4):245-257. doi:10.1159/000514884
26. Veras M, Waked D, Saldiva P. Safe in the womb? Effects of air pollution to the unborn child and neonates.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2022;98(Suppl 1): S27-S31. doi:10.1016/j.jped.2021.09.004
27. World Health Organization (WHO). Standards for improving quality of maternal and newborn care in health facilities. Geneva: WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/standards-for-improving-quality-of-maternal-and-newborn-care-in-health-facili.https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241511216
28. Kruk ME, Porignon D, Rockers PC, Van Lerberghe W. The contribution of primary care to health and health systems in low- and middle-income countries: a critical review of major primary care initiatives.Soc Sci Med. 2010;70(6):904-911. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.11.025
29. Teklu AM, Litch JA, Tesfahun A, et al. Referral systems for preterm, low birth weight, and sick newborns in Ethiopia: a qualitative assessment.BMC Pediatr. 2020;20(1):409. doi:10.1186/s12887-020-02311-6
30. Singh J, Dalal P, Gathwala G, Rohilla R. Transport characteristics and predictors of mortality among neonates referred to a tertiary care centre in North India: a prospective observational study.BMJ Open. 2021;11(7):e044625. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044625
31. Mary M, Maliqi B, Stierman EK, et al. Assessing the neonatal health policy landscape in low- and middle-income countries: findings from the 2018 WHO SRMNCAH policy survey.J Glob Health. 2023;13:04024. doi:10.7189/jogh.13.04024
32. Bouchard ME, Tian Y, Justiniano J, et al. A critical threshold for global pediatric surgical workforce density.Pediatr Surg Int. 2021;37(9):1303-1309. doi:10.1007/s00383-021-04939-6
33. Abbas A, Laverde R, Yap A, et al. Routine pediatric surgical emergencies: incidence, morbidity, and mortality during the 1st 8000 days of life-a narrative review.World J Surg. 2023;47(12):3419-3428. doi: 10.1007/s00268-023-07097-z
34. Molla MT, Anley NS, Zewdie BW, Endeshaw AS, Kumie FT. 28-day perioperative pediatric mortality and its predictors in a tertiary teaching hospital in Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study.Eur J Med Res. 2024;29(1):24. doi:10.1186/s40001-023-01613-6
35. Tayade H, Lamture Y, Yeola M. Factors affecting survival in nontraumatic pediatric abdominal surgical emergencies: a contemporary review. Cureus. 2022;14(5):e24891. doi:10.7759/cureus.24891
36. How Pediatric Surgery Could Help India Reach Its Development Goals Think Global Health [Internet]. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/how-pediatric-surgery-could-help-india-reach-its-development-goals. https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/how-pediatric-surgery-could-help-india-reach-its-development-goals.
37. Bruny JL, Hall BL, Barnhart DC, et al. American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric: a beta phase report.J Pediatr Surg. 2013;48(1):74-80. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg. 2012.10.019
38. Chung SH, Kim CY, Lee BS; andtheKoreanNeonatalNetwork. Congenital anomalies in very-low-birth-weight infants: a nationwide cohort study.Neonatology. 2020;117(5):584-591. doi:10.1159/000509117
39. Puri A, Lal B, Nangia S. A Pilot study on neonatal surgical mortality: a multivariable analysis of predictors of mortality in a resource-limited setting.J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg. 2019;24(1):36-44. doi:10.4103/jiaps.JIAPS_30_18
40. Mpody C, Shepherd EG, Thakkar RK, Dairo OO, Tobias JD, Nafiu OO. Synergistic effects of sepsis and prematurity on neonatal postoperative mortality.Br J Anaesth. 2020;125(6):1056-1063. doi:10.1016/j.bja.2020. 07.026
41. Hasan MS, Islam N, Mitul AR. Neonatal surgical morbidity and mortality at a single tertiary center in a low- and middle-income country: a retrospective study of clinical outcomes.Front Surg. 2022;9: 817528. doi:10.3389/fsurg.2022.817528
42. Osifo DO, Oriaifo IA. Factors affecting the management and outcome of neonatal surgery in Benin City, Nigeria.Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2008; 18(2):107-110. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1038485
43. Brindle ME, McDiarmid C, Short K, et al. Consensus guidelines for perioperative care in neonatal intestinal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations.World J Surg. 2020; 44(8):2482-2492. doi:10.1007/s00268-020-05530-1
Article available in :
Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025
Page : 109-113
https://doi.org/10.51271/SOC-0046
Article Information
Received : 24 Şub 2025
Accepted : 09 Mar 2025
Published : 01 Tem 2025
Corresponding Author :

Digamber Chaubey: Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India

[email protected]
Citation : Purbey OP, Rahul SK, Keshri R, Chaubey D. An approach to identify high-risk neonatal surgical cases to optimize postoperative results. Surg Child. 2025;2(3):109-113.

Read: 94
Download : 509
Cited: 0
_Footer